Nyt fra Stuart M. Grant Fond til beskyttelse af truede Malawicichlider

ear friend of Malawi cichlids!

This is an update on the Stuart M. Grant Cichlid Conservation Fund. You
can read this online which has also two video clips embedded by going to
http://cichlidpress.com/smgfund/smgfund19.html

At the FOTAS/CARES meeting (Nov. 4-6, 2011) in San Antonio, Texas, I was
dumbfounded and excited by Melanie Stiassny’s presentation of her work on
the Congo River. She discussed mainly the fish fauna of the Lower Congo, a
stretch of a little more than 200 km but in which she found already 332
different species of fish of which more than 90 are endemic to this part of
the mighty Congo! A staggering number if you compare that with other rivers
in Africa. It also drove home the message that we still know so little
about the biodiversity of vast areas of Africa. And that at a time when
governments, with their eyes on the money, make broad-ranging decisions on
the future of these areas without knowing what is really at stake. Of
course, the quality of life and the sustainability of the area’s
biodiversity rarely play a role in such decision making. This was also
evident in Paul Loiselle’s presentation on the state of fish diversity on a
global scale and how it suffers from industrialization and burgeoning human
encroachment on freshwater habitats.

While I presented the latest developments of the ANDs in Lake Malawi
National Park, Rick Borstein of the Greater Chicago Cichlid Association,
asked what the total sum is that is needed to protect the Maleri Islands
and parts of the Cape Maclear area with ANDs. I didn’t have the answer
ready, but with the price of the new ANDs at about $50 each and estimating
that about 2000 of these are needed to cover the shorelines of the various
islands, I offered the sum of $100,000. This is far from an exorbitant
amount, and afterwards Lawrence Kent of the Bill & Melinda Gates
Foundation, suggested that I should be able to write a grant application
and submit it to one of the big environmental organizations, because
$100,000 is considered small change by his and many other organizations. I
thought about his suggestion, but I have other factors to contemplate in
our quest to save the Malawi cichlids. First of all, I’m 100% sure that we
aquarists can come up with this amount and that we are in time to protect
the majority of the Malawi species that are endemic to park waters.
Secondly, imagine the immense satisfaction by all who have participated in
the program ten years from now when all is set and done, and when we are
enjoying the fruits of our efforts. Just consider the Babes In The Cichlid
Hobby (fondly translated by my friend Marco Arroyo as “Las Putas”),
Caroline Estes, Pam Chin, and Pam Marsh, who have worked very hard at every
convention, traveling on their own dime, auctioning fish paraphernalia that
they have begged, stolen (hope not), or borrowed from their friends, and
entertaining us as well. In the last four years they were able, besides all
the other needed causes they work for, to donate $6,500 to the fund!
Imagine their satisfaction when they see that all is well in the Lake
Malawi National Park. I don’t want to steal their and your happiness by a
possible “take over” of big money. The placing of the ANDs is a slow
process and I’m confident that we can keep pace with donations and spending
costs.

A propos the placing of the ANDs, I received great news from Leon du
Plessis, who has now been established (with his wife Ingrid) as manager of
the lodge on Nankoma Island, that he was able to drill two holes in a rock
underwater with a single SCUBA tank with the pneumatic drills that I had
sent last summer. See a little video clip online. He now also has the right
accommodation for those of you who want to learn to SCUBA dive or who want
to become master diver. Those in the latter group are also involved in
helping Leon to place the ANDs. In August 2011 Pennstate transferred about
$6000 from our fund to South Africa to purchase the first batch of
stainless steel (good for 200 ANDs) which has arrived in Malawi. Dimitri is
now preparing the new design ANDs which will soon be available to be
employed in the lake.

Critics of CARES and of any other captive breeding programs uphold the
notion that a species’ genetic diversity is quickly lost because of
inbreeding and can never replace the lost diversity of the original
population, and also that reintroduction of captive-raised fish into the
original habitat has never been achieved successfully. Well, the last
statement is incorrect as successful fish reintroductions have been
completed in Europe as well as in the US. I’m not aware of any such efforts
with cichlids but I don’t see any problem in that. The fact that wild
caught cichlids can quickly adapt to the artificial environment of aquaria,
the reverse should pose no problem either. We have, unfortunately, proof of
the cichlids’ ability to introduction in Lake Malawi (and also in Lake
Tanganyika) where over the years cichlids have been introduced at various
places by collectors of ornamental fish.
Many rock-dwelling cichlids stay their entire lives within hundred meters
of their place of birth and in principle form relatively small breeding
groups within the population. The genetic diversity of such local groups is
not necessarily larger than that of a captive breeding group. For several
of the species kept in captive breeding programs their genetic diversity is
millions of times higher than that of their wild counterparts because there
are no wild counterparts; these species are extinct in the wild!
Reintroduction may not copy exactly the genetic makeup of the original
population, but it is a lot closer to the real thing than no fish at all.
We have a chance to prove that this works and we may even be able to
involve Malawian students in the project. Along with the tremendous
over-fishing and species loss that is taking place in Lake Malawi, the
demise of a few cichlid species is to blame to unscrupulous collectors;
case in point: Pseudotropheus saulosi. This species is endemic to Taiwanee
Reef which is a large reef, but most of it is in water deeper than 80
meters. The area where P. saulosi lives, where they find the algae they
feed on, is rather small, like the size of a quarter football field. It
doesn’t need a lot of imagination to see that the population of any endemic
cichlid at the reef is vulnerable to over-fishing. Till about ten years ago
P. saulosi occurred in sometimes large schools of hundreds of individuals
that wandered through the habitat foraging from the biocover on the rocks.
During the last decade several collectors of ornamental fish have
concentrated on catching large numbers of P. saulosi and as a result the
species is becoming scarce. When I visited the reef in August 2010 there
were only a few specimens to be seen. The large boulders you see in the
video clip posted online used to be covered with hundreds of P. saulosi but
in 2010 there were only three individuals on this rock and many boulders
had none at all.


The program I envision should consist of the following stages:
1. Local government should forbid the collection of any rock-dwelling
cichlid (P. saulosi and Protomelas sp. ‘steveni taiwan’) at Taiwanee Reef.
This does not affect the local fishermen who collect utaka in the area. I
also understand that there would hardly be any enforcement possible apart
from inspecting what fishes are exported from Malawi.
2. A survey of the extant population of P. saulosi in the upper 20 meters
of the reef (they are very rare in deeper areas) should indicate how many
can be collected for a captive breeding program. Since I don’t expect a
large genetic diversity 25 females would be sufficient to guarantee a say
95% of the existing diversity.

3. A small fin clip of the live fishes (breeders) would be taken (anal fin
of females and tip dorsal fin of males

) and the DNA analyzed to get an idea
of the diversity. The DNA typing can be done abroad.
4. Breeding groups are set up in Malawi to prevent legal problems when
importing live fish back into Malawi.
5. After one/two years, reintroductions can take place and monitored every
year thereafter. If, however, the fishing ban was effective, the species
could have (partly) recovered on their own account and reintroduction would
not be necessary.

This would be a simple project that shouldn’t cost much money to complete.
It would certainly emphasize the importance of the work others do by
maintaining endangered species in captivity. In the case of P. saulosi if
we wait any longer we may need to reintroduce the aquarium strains.
The FOTAS/CARES convention made one thing clear and that is that action is
needed now, when there are still opportunities. After all the years we have
enjoyed cichlids, Paul Loiselle said it best: “Folks …it’s payback time.”

Without your input and generosity many Malawi cichlid species will not be
there 20 years from now.
Enjoy your cichlids!
Ad

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Ad Konings
Cichlid Press
P.O. Box 13608
El Paso, TX 79913
www.cichlidpress.com // www.elpasodesert.com
Editor of www.cichlidae.com

--
Ad Konings
Cichlid Press
P.O. Box 13608
El Paso, TX 79913
www.cichlidpress.com // www.elpasodesert.com
Editor of www.cichlidae.com